BIO385-Arthropoda-Crustacea

BIO 385 — Invertebrate Zoology		Go To: Udo Savalli \| BIO 385 \|
Invertebrate Diversity Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Crustacea (Click on any image for larger version) Return to Main Arthropod Page

Subphylum Crustacea

Characteristics

Head (cephalon) with 5 pairs of appendages; including 2 pairs of antennae
Trunk usually divided into thorax and abdomen
Appendages mostly biramous
Have compound eyes (often on stalks) and ocelli
Predominantly marine; some fresh water or terrestrial
Unique nauplius larva
Taxonomic note: Crustacea is likely paraphyletic

Class Branchiopoda
Order Anostraca Fairy & brine shrimp Numerous (up to 19) swimming appendages Lack a carapace Many in hypersaline environments or vernal pools	Brine Shrimp (aka Sea Monkeys), Artemia franciscana	Brine Shrimp, Artemia sp., Nauplius larva	Red-tailed Fairy Shrimp, Streptocephalus sp., female

Order Notostraca Tadpole Shrimp Shield-like carapace covers thorax Ring-like segments on narrow abdomen 2 long caudal rami Live in temporary pools; eggs withstand dessication		Longtailed Tadpole Shrimp, Triops longicaudatus	Longtailed Tadpole Shrimp, Triops longicaudatus, ventral view

Order Cladocera Water Fleas Large folded carapace is not hinged Body segmentation reduced Use enlarged antennae for locomotion Large central compound eye	Water Flea, Daphnia magna See also labeled photo.	Water Flea, Moina sp., ventral view	Water Flea, Bosmina sp.

"Conchostraca" Clam shrimp Two part carapace is hinged dorsally Carapace usually has growth lines, looks much like a small clam Carapace is usually transparent: eyes and legs visible Use enlarged antennae for locomotion Lives in vernal (temporary) pools and ponds Conchostraca (clam shrimp) is paraphyletic and part of larger clade Diplostraca, which also includes the Cladocera; clam shrimp now split into 3 orders	Clam shrimp (collected at Tres Rios, Tolleson, AZ)	Vernal Clam Shrimp, Eulimnadia sp., hermaphrodite with eggs (Order Spinicaudata; native to AZ)	Vernal Clam Shrimp, Eulimnadia sp., ventral view (Order Spinicaudata; native to AZ)

Class Malacostraca
Order Stomatopoda Mantis shrimp 2nd pair of appendages form large raptorial leg with stabbing or club tip Large compound eyes on stalk Usually brightly colored	California Mantis Shrimp, Hemisquilla californiensis	Caribbean Rock Mantis Shrimp, Neogonodactylus wennerae, a smasher	Mantis Shrimp, dried specimen (family Squillidae), a spearer

Order Decapoda Shrimp, crabs, lobsters, crayfish One pair of anterior clawed appendages Carapace well developed Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial (few) Main suborders are: • Astacidea: Crayfish & lobsters • Anomura: hermit, king & sand crabs • Brachyura: true crabs • Caridea: shrimp	Suborder Astacidea:
	Burrowing Crayfish, Cambarus dubius; KY See also labeled photo.	Northern Crayfish, Orconectes virilis, ventral view of male See also labeled photo.	Northern Crayfish, Orconectes virilis, dissected female & male See also labeled photo.
	Suborder Anomura:
	Orange-clawed Hermit Crab, Calcinus tibicen	Pacific Sand Crab, Emerita analoga	Pelagic Red Crab, Pleuroncodes planipes.
	Suborder Brachyura (true crabs):
	Atlantic Ghost Crab, Ocypode quadrata; TX	Fiddler Crab, Uca sp.; Belize	Purple Shore Crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes
	Arrow Crab, Stenorhynchus seticornis	Giant Spider Crab, Macrocheira kaempferi.	Sharp-nosed Crab, Scyra acutifrons; the encrusting algae, sponges, and anemones function as camouflage
	Suborder Caridea (shrimp):
	Spot Prawn, Pandalus platyceros	Common Fan Shrimp, Atyopsis moluccensis, a fresh-water suspension feeder.	Sexy Shrimp, Thor amboinensis
	Bay Ghost Shrimp, Neotrypaea californiensis; CA	Red Fire Shrimp, Lysmata debelius, a type of cleaner shrimp.	Atlantic White Shrimp, Penaeus setiferus, is a commercially fished species

Order Isopoda Sowbugs, pillbugs, etc. Carapace absent Dorso-ventrally flattened Many can roll into ball Marine and terrestrial environments	Sowbugs, Porcellio scaber; CA	Woodlouse, Trachelipus rathkii, ventral view; AZ	Fresh Water Isopod, Asellus sp.
	Pillbugs, Armadillium vulgare; AZ (only some isopods can roll into a ball)	Giant Deep Sea Isopod, Bathynomus giganteus; ≈30cm long	Intertidal Sand Isopod, Gnorimosphaeroma sp.?; CA
	Rocky Shore Isopod, Ligia occidentalis; CA	Scavenging Isopod, Cirolana harfodi; CA	Large Paddle-tailed Isopod, Idotea stenops; CA
	Sea Pills, Exosphaeroma inornata, an intertidal species; CA	Tongue-eating Louse, Cymothoa exigua, an oral parasite of fishes; preserved specimen

Order Amphipoda Scuds Carapace absent Laterally compressed Humpbacked appearance Marine and fresh water (some semiterrestrial)	Freshwater Scud	Amphipod; LaJolla, CA	Skeleton Shrimp, Caprella sp.

(Order Mysida) Opossum shrimp Similar to true shrimp (Decapoda) but... Lack free-swimming larvae Embryos carried in brood pouch between legs Marine and fresh water Not likely to be represented in lab		Opossum shrimp